1、解剖书上说胸廓下口由第12胸椎,第12、第11对肋软骨及肋弓和剑突构成,是要把原句中的软骨去掉吗?
11肋和12肋没有肋软骨。
2、哪位大神英语好,跪求翻译,跪求跪求 摘 要:胸椎小关节紊乱症,系指胸椎小关节外力作用下发生解剖位
Abstract: thoracic vertebra small joint disorder refers to thoracic vertebra small joint force under the anatomical location of change, performance for intraarticular synovial incarceration and the formation of not complete dislocation and can not automatically reset and lead to pain and functional limitations and other symptoms of a disease. In spite of the thoracic facet joint disorders in both humans and animals have higher incidence, but e to the incidence of concealment, course of the disease is mostly through the chronic, some of the symptoms of area and primary lesions are far apart, so before has not been paid enough attention to. In this experiment, the T6-T8 dislocation was used as the experimental animal in the alt rabbits. After the operation, the weight change curve was drawn and the digestive ability was evaluated. After 6 weeks of operation, the measurement of gastric electrical and intestinal motility were done, and the rabbits were sacrificed. The gastrointestinal wall was taken to make gastrointestinal pathological sections. The pathological changes were observed and the influence of the thoracic facet joint disorder on the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated. The experimental results showed that the gastrointestinal motility of the experimental group was weakened, the changes of gastrointestinal wall occurred, and the effect of gastrointestinal function.
Key words: small joint disorder of thoracic vertebrae, modeling, gastrointestinal motility, gastrointestinal wall lesions
各部椎骨的主要特征
1. 颈椎 椎体较小,第3~7颈椎体上面的两侧缘向上突起称椎体钩,若椎体钩与上位椎体的边缘相接,则形成钩椎关节(Luschka关节)。若椎体钩增生肥大,可使椎间孔狭窄,压迫脊神经,产生颈椎病的症状。椎孔较大,呈三角形。横突有孔,称横突孔,有椎动脉和椎静脉通过。第6颈椎横突末端前方的结节较大,称为颈动脉结节,颈总动脉行经其前方。第2~6颈椎的棘突较短,末端分叉。
第1颈椎又名寰椎,呈环状,无椎体、棘突和关节突,由前弓、后弓及侧块组成。前弓较短,后面正中有一小关节面称齿突凹。侧块位于两侧,连接两弓,上下面各有一椭圆形和圆形关节面。后弓较长,上面有横行的椎动脉沟,有同名动脉通过。
第2颈椎又名枢椎 ,其特点是椎体向上伸出指状突起,称齿突,与寰椎齿突凹相关节。
第7颈椎又名隆椎,棘突特长,末端不分叉,皮下易于触及,常作为计数椎骨序数的标志。
2. 胸椎 12个椎体从上向下逐渐增大。椎体后外侧和横突前面都有肋凹。关节突的关节面几乎呈冠状位。棘突较长,向后下方倾斜,呈叠瓦状排列。
3. 腰椎 椎体粗壮,椎孔大,呈三角形。上、下关节突粗大,关节面几乎呈矢状位。棘突宽而短,呈板状,几乎水平地伸向后方。因而,各棘突之间的间隙较宽,临床上常于此作硬膜外隙或蛛网膜下隙穿刺术。
4、解剖学中的颈椎、胸椎、腰椎分别都用什么英文字母代表
C—颈椎,T—胸椎,L—腰椎
颈椎(Cervical),
胸椎(Thoracic),
腰椎(Lumbar),
5、详细讲肋骨的结构(最好有图)
人体肋骨12对,左右对称,后端与胸椎相关节,前端仅第1-7肋借软骨与胸骨相连接,称为真肋;第8-12肋称为假肋,其中第8-10肋借肋软骨与上一肋的软骨相连,形成肋弓,第11、12肋前端游离,又称浮肋。
6、胸椎解剖图
依据患者上述情况可判定患者手术耐受性差,目前只能行保守治疗,或者中医调理
7、系统解剖学:记数肋的体表标志
前胸计数肋骨的重要标志是胸骨角 。扁平状,居胸廓前方的正中位,由胸骨柄、胸骨体和剑突3部分组成。①胸骨柄(Manubrium of sternal):为胸骨上端方形骨块,其上部两侧与左右锁骨端相连,形成胸锁关节。胸骨柄的上方为胸骨上切迹,其下有气管。②胸骨角(Sternal angle):胸骨柄与胸骨体有纤维软骨连接成微隆起的部分,又叫Louis角,黑圈内)。可以看到,也可以摸出。其两侧分别与左、右第2肋软骨相连,成为前胸壁计数肋骨的重要标志。胸骨角部位又相当于左、右主支气管分叉处,主动脉弓下缘水平、心房上缘、上下纵膈交界部,与背部第4、5胸椎相对应。③胸骨剑突(xiphoid process):为胸骨体下端突出部分,呈三角形,底部与胸骨体相连接
与胸骨相连的最下一肋是第十肋,十一十二是浮肋,与胸骨不相连。
十二肋骨对应十二胸椎,再向下是五块腰椎,最末是融合成一的骶骨 "
第8、9、10并不与胸骨相连,而是以肋软骨的形式连接与上位肋上
第4肋,平对男性乳头
第2肋,位于锁骨下方皮下,平胸骨角
肩胛骨下角平对第7肋或第7肋间隙。
第一肋大部分位于锁骨后方,难以触及