1、解剖書上說胸廓下口由第12胸椎,第12、第11對肋軟骨及肋弓和劍突構成,是要把原句中的軟骨去掉嗎?
11肋和12肋沒有肋軟骨。
2、哪位大神英語好,跪求翻譯,跪求跪求 摘 要:胸椎小關節紊亂症,系指胸椎小關節外力作用下發生解剖位
Abstract: thoracic vertebra small joint disorder refers to thoracic vertebra small joint force under the anatomical location of change, performance for intraarticular synovial incarceration and the formation of not complete dislocation and can not automatically reset and lead to pain and functional limitations and other symptoms of a disease. In spite of the thoracic facet joint disorders in both humans and animals have higher incidence, but e to the incidence of concealment, course of the disease is mostly through the chronic, some of the symptoms of area and primary lesions are far apart, so before has not been paid enough attention to. In this experiment, the T6-T8 dislocation was used as the experimental animal in the alt rabbits. After the operation, the weight change curve was drawn and the digestive ability was evaluated. After 6 weeks of operation, the measurement of gastric electrical and intestinal motility were done, and the rabbits were sacrificed. The gastrointestinal wall was taken to make gastrointestinal pathological sections. The pathological changes were observed and the influence of the thoracic facet joint disorder on the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated. The experimental results showed that the gastrointestinal motility of the experimental group was weakened, the changes of gastrointestinal wall occurred, and the effect of gastrointestinal function.
Key words: small joint disorder of thoracic vertebrae, modeling, gastrointestinal motility, gastrointestinal wall lesions
各部椎骨的主要特徵
1. 頸椎 椎體較小,第3~7頸椎體上面的兩側緣向上突起稱椎體鉤,若椎體鉤與上位椎體的邊緣相接,則形成鉤椎關節(Luschka關節)。若椎體鉤增生肥大,可使椎間孔狹窄,壓迫脊神經,產生頸椎病的症狀。椎孔較大,呈三角形。橫突有孔,稱橫突孔,有椎動脈和椎靜脈通過。第6頸椎橫突末端前方的結節較大,稱為頸動脈結節,頸總動脈行經其前方。第2~6頸椎的棘突較短,末端分叉。
第1頸椎又名寰椎,呈環狀,無椎體、棘突和關節突,由前弓、後弓及側塊組成。前弓較短,後面正中有一小關節面稱齒突凹。側塊位於兩側,連接兩弓,上下面各有一橢圓形和圓形關節面。後弓較長,上面有橫行的椎動脈溝,有同名動脈通過。
第2頸椎又名樞椎 ,其特點是椎體向上伸出指狀突起,稱齒突,與寰椎齒突凹相關節。
第7頸椎又名隆椎,棘突特長,末端不分叉,皮下易於觸及,常作為計數椎骨序數的標志。
2. 胸椎 12個椎體從上向下逐漸增大。椎體後外側和橫突前面都有肋凹。關節突的關節面幾乎呈冠狀位。棘突較長,向後下方傾斜,呈疊瓦狀排列。
3. 腰椎 椎體粗壯,椎孔大,呈三角形。上、下關節突粗大,關節面幾乎呈矢狀位。棘突寬而短,呈板狀,幾乎水平地伸向後方。因而,各棘突之間的間隙較寬,臨床上常於此作硬膜外隙或蛛網膜下隙穿刺術。
4、解剖學中的頸椎、胸椎、腰椎分別都用什麼英文字母代表
C—頸椎,T—胸椎,L—腰椎
頸椎(Cervical),
胸椎(Thoracic),
腰椎(Lumbar),
5、詳細講肋骨的結構(最好有圖)
人體肋骨12對,左右對稱,後端與胸椎相關節,前端僅第1-7肋借軟骨與胸骨相連接,稱為真肋;第8-12肋稱為假肋,其中第8-10肋借肋軟骨與上一肋的軟骨相連,形成肋弓,第11、12肋前端游離,又稱浮肋。
6、胸椎解剖圖
依據患者上述情況可判定患者手術耐受性差,目前只能行保守治療,或者中醫調理
7、系統解剖學:記數肋的體表標志
前胸計數肋骨的重要標志是胸骨角 。扁平狀,居胸廓前方的正中位,由胸骨柄、胸骨體和劍突3部分組成。①胸骨柄(Manubrium of sternal):為胸骨上端方形骨塊,其上部兩側與左右鎖骨端相連,形成胸鎖關節。胸骨柄的上方為胸骨上切跡,其下有氣管。②胸骨角(Sternal angle):胸骨柄與胸骨體有纖維軟骨連接成微隆起的部分,又叫Louis角,黑圈內)。可以看到,也可以摸出。其兩側分別與左、右第2肋軟骨相連,成為前胸壁計數肋骨的重要標志。胸骨角部位又相當於左、右主支氣管分叉處,主動脈弓下緣水平、心房上緣、上下縱膈交界部,與背部第4、5胸椎相對應。③胸骨劍突(xiphoid process):為胸骨體下端突出部分,呈三角形,底部與胸骨體相連接
與胸骨相連的最下一肋是第十肋,十一十二是浮肋,與胸骨不相連。
十二肋骨對應十二胸椎,再向下是五塊腰椎,最末是融合成一的骶骨 "
第8、9、10並不與胸骨相連,而是以肋軟骨的形式連接與上位肋上
第4肋,平對男性乳頭
第2肋,位於鎖骨下方皮下,平胸骨角
肩胛骨下角平對第7肋或第7肋間隙。
第一肋大部分位於鎖骨後方,難以觸及